You will also include sentences that transition between ideas from your research, either within a paragraph or between paragraphs. You will use topic sentences in your paragraphs to make sure readers understand the significance of any facts, details, or quotations you cite. In the body paragraphs of your paper, you will need to integrate ideas carefully at the paragraph level and at the sentence level. They define and limit your topic and place your research in context. The introduction and conclusion function like the frame around a picture. You have already taken a step in the right direction by writing your introduction. However, you also need to support your ideas with research, or they will seem insubstantial. Your paper must explain what you think, or it will read like a disconnected string of facts and quotations. One of the challenges of writing a research paper is successfully integrating your ideas with material from your sources. An effective writer might conclude a paper by asking a new question the research inspired, revisiting an anecdote presented earlier, or reminding readers of how the topic relates to their lives. That helps keep your ideas fresh for your readers. Restate it in different words that reflect the new perspective gained through your research. The conclusion should not simply echo the introduction or rely on bland summary statements, such as “In this paper, I have demonstrated that.…” In fact, avoid repeating your thesis verbatim from the introduction. No matter when you compose the conclusion, it should sum up your main ideas and revisit your thesis. No process is absolutely right or absolutely wrong find the one that best suits you. Other writers prefer to write their conclusion at the end of the paper, after writing the body paragraphs. However, this method may not work for all writers. For this reason, some writers prefer to write their conclusions soon after they have written their introduction. In your conclusion, you recap where they have been. In your introduction, you tell readers where they are headed. Note how Jorge progresses from the opening sentences to background information to his thesis. Read the first draft of his introduction. Jorge decided to begin his research paper by connecting his topic to readers’ daily experiences. Think of your thesis as a signpost that lets readers know in what direction the paper is headed. From there, the writer builds toward a thesis, which is traditionally placed at the end of the introduction. The next few sentences place the opening in context by presenting background information. A connection between your topic and your readers’ experiences.A brief anecdote that illustrates a larger concept.Many writers like to begin with one of the following catchy openers: The introduction should get readers’ attention, provide background information, and present the writer’s thesis. Follow your outline as best you can, but also keep an open mind for new ideas.There are several approaches to writing an introduction, each of which fulfills the same goals. Instead of nitpicking, just focus on solidifying your raw ideas. If you’re focusing on finding the right words and phrases or making sure your grammar is correct, it means you’re not focusing on the big picture. The most important tip for writing rough drafts is to give yourself permission to write sloppily. The goal of a rough draft is to get all your research and ideas documented not to write everything perfectly on your first try. With the brainstorming and outline taken care of, you can begin your rough draft with confidence. My outline ensures I cover all the bases regarding all the information I need. I use a simple outline when building out my rough draft. You can think of your outline as a blueprint of where everything goes. As you progress through writing a rough draft, more than likely you’ll come up with new ideas to add into it, but it’s always best to stockpile as many as you can before you start.Īfter brainstorming comes the outlining phase, which is essential for structuring your content and putting everything in a logical order. The brainstorming and freewriting process is crucial for organizing all your thoughts you want to put in your writing. For starters, a rough draft is not the first step in the writing process.
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